Graduation Speech My Experience With The Nature And...

As the only Colorado native in my family, I have always had a deep connection and appreciation for the nature and beauty throughout our state. I enjoy passing time exploring Colorado through hiking, mountain biking, and skiing. As the baby in a family of three daughters, I have always had an internal competitive side that has pushed me to achieve both academically and athletically. My parents were never hard on me throughout my school career about grades because I had always been my own motivator when it came to getting things done. In high-school, my expectations of academic excellence developed into an obsession with obtaining perfect grades that resulted in an anxiety disorder. Though this obsession pushed me to get a great grade point average (G.P.A), I believe it really took away from my overall experience in high-school as well education. I was so obsessed with getting the grade, I never allowed myself enjoy the content. I believe there’s a big difference between memoriz ing the content for a test and really learning it for real-world application. I also believe this obsession really held me back from developing any real relationships with my teachers, which is one of my biggest regrets. One of my biggest goals for college is to really learn the content and begin rediscovering my passions. Because of this new anxiety I found a lot of peace in planning my future. My dream as a young child through my freshman year of high-school was to become an airline pilot. I hadShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of George Saunders And David Foster Wallace Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages Rascoe 1 English 120 October 10, 2016 Often times, many forget to be kind to one another. When we are performing out our daily activities we forget to think about other people. Individuals can be naturally selfish or self- centered. There are multiple obstacles working against our being kind to one another. Our own success being one of them. We must remember to put ourselves in the shoes of the other person, in order to understand the issues in front of us. It isRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pages Moscow - 2010 Summary The peculiarities of advertising language are the subject of this graduation paper. At the beginning, in the first chapter is given a general definition of advertising language, its history. The second chapter is types of advertising (consumer advertising, media of consumer advertising). In the third chapter we considerRead MoreWe Need Talk About Kevin8189 Words   |  33 PagesKevin in the prison even when he continues to annoy at her I enjoyed/disliked/agreed with/disagreed with/began to reconsider/changed my mind I disliked the movie at the beginning as it was disturbing as well as chilling and at times it was hard to catch up with the story line as most of the scenes were part of Eva’s memory. However halfway through the movie I changed my mind because I was intrigued and was anxious to find out what Kevin did. Also, I liked how this movie didn’t have those saccharineRead MoreLangston Hughes and Countee Cullen: Perspective on Religion4176 Words   |  17 PagesBois and Booker T Washington: Political View In the 1920s, the somewhat genteel world of American poetry was shaken to its foundations when the Harlem Renaissance started. During those times, all over the United States, there was an outburst of strong black voices, writing with African-American cadences and rhythms. Moreover, during that period, generally different and diverse subject matters and styles subsisted in poetry. Furthermore, the blues and jazz clubsRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesreserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United Stat es-Admission. 2. Exposition (Rhetoric)Read MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 PagesINTRODUCTION The present graduation paper deals with the study of slang as a part of language which presents certain interest both for the theoretical investigation and for practical language use. Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speakers dialect or language. Slang is often highly regional, specific to a particular territory. Slang terms are frequently particular to a certain subculture, such as musicians, and membersRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesAn Exploration of Literature and Performance Christina Kelley Forshey A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Fall 2008 Forshey 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Linda Nell Cooper, M.A. Thesis Chair ______________________________Read MoreCase Study for Autism13506 Words   |  55 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), statistics were shared on the number of students in the school system with an ASD diagnosis. It has become the third most common childhood illness. A child is diagnosed with Autism every twenty minutes in the United States. In the LCPS 10.6% (625) of Individualized Education Programs (IEP) are dedicated to students with Autism (Buswell, 2009). These figures indicate teachers need to understand how to modify teaching strategies and learn definitive steps that must beRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesPersonal Statementâ€â€"). You can achieve your goal by ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Convincing readers you researched and selected the appropriate school and graduate program based on research interests that match those of one or more professors Explaining your academic experiences and research interests and goals Demonstr ating your knowledge of the discipline or field Revealing the qualities and skills that will help you succeed in a specific academic discipline Demonstrating your communication skills Persuading readers youRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pages Virginia Woolf once said, human character changed. This hyperbole contains a kernel of truth. 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Teachers Options Essay - 1716 Words

Teachers Options There are many options open to teachers of deaf children in a variety of situations. In teaching deaf and hard of hearing children there is such a wide range of children, each with their own abilities. Each child also has a different family situation to take into account. Some children come from deaf families, some they are the only deaf family member, and some have no support from their families because they are deaf. There are also students that have family members that make an effort to learn how to best communicate with them, while some do only what they must to communicate the needed information. Along with this is the severity of each child’s hearing loss. Some suffer from only slight amount of hearing loss†¦show more content†¦Teaching with Sign Language The most common educational teaching method for the deaf is to use a combination of both American Sign Language (ASL) and English in the classroom. The signing of the English language is called Pidgen Sign Language (PSL) or Signed Exact English (SEE). ASL is the accepted language of the deaf in America and the preferred method of communication for the majority of the deaf culture. It is a language of concepts instead of actual forming of sentences and has no relation to English. ASL has a â€Å"topic-comment syntax, while English uses subject- object- verb† (Nakamura, 2002). In this format, they are able to understand each other best, but this can also cause problems for education. The downside to ASL is that there is no use of sentence structure, so this is where a combination of ASL with English comes in the education picture. This system of bilingual teaching (Mason, 1995) with ASL and SEE teaches the children English, the language of the United States, but by using m any of the signs of ASL. The students are taught with the signs and concepts of ASL but in areas like reading and writing, SEE and the grammar rules of English are learned and applied. Some teachers, when in a classroom like this, also use some aspect of voice along with ASL and SEE because many students have hearing aids or cochlear implants, surgically implanted forms of hearing assistance, and teachings ofShow MoreRelatedAgainst the Gods the Remarkable Story of Risk by Peter L. Bernstein1107 Words   |  5 Pagesto what I am currently working with on our StockTrak assignment specifically, the topes of options and dividends. Bernstein told the story of how in 1973 Fischer Black and Myron Scholes created an options pricing model and tried to have their work published. Although their work wasn’t accepted because neither Black nor Scholes had advanced degrees, their work went on to become very instrumental in options pricing and liabilities. 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Teachers can only instruct students through planned web posts and various scheduled modules. Contrarily, civilizationRead MoreOnline Education And Online Schools946 Words   |  4 Pageschoose? While some believe the quality of online education isn’t as good as a regular school’s, online school is just as effective or more and should be continued as a teaching resource because online students are getting higher test scores and more options are offered by online schools. One of the reasons why online school is more effective than regular school is by cause of online students have shown higher testing scores. Accordingly, Orgill says, â€Å"integrating an online and lecture approach can actuallyRead MoreThe Education System Is A Revolving Door That Constantly Changes As Time1401 Words   |  6 Pagesobservation is the lack of effectiveness the traditional learning approach has on students. 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Dr. Linda Free Essays

â€Å"Your food is your grave,† said the famous writer Bernard Shaw. What you eat is not important. How you eat, what you eat is important! Human being is a complex, integrated mechanism of body, mind and spirit. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Linda or any similar topic only for you Order Now You need to maintain them at the levels required. A fault related to any one of the three, disturbs the balance of the body as a whole. Careful maintenance as per proper procedures is required. You are careful about the external cleanliness. You brush your teeth; wash your body, oil your hair—but that is not the authentic maintenance. Your body needs to be free from internal impurities. This is done through the process of detoxification. The modern materialist civilization, the industrial and internet revolutions have changed the lifestyles of human beings in more than one ways. They are subdued by relentless internal as well as external pressures. New diseases, the names of which were unheard in the recent past, are cropping up. The book ‘Detoxification’ by Linda R. Page provides solid answers and satisfactory for your health-related problems– How to remain healthy, without succumbing to suppressive medicines and by cultivating nature-friendly attitudes! An herbalist needs to know, and this is a golden rule, that the nature provides appropriate fruits and vegetables at the appropriate season. Dr. Linda expounds the same principles in her book.   Nature doesn’t commit a mistake but we often do. Fruits and vegetables are the mediated capsules provided by nature in colorful packaging. The process of detoxification ipso facto means to possess thorough knowledge and understanding about this natural wealth. Next, the herbs assist you in the process of detoxification. Dr. Linda gives thorough and scientific details about the detoxification process related to various parts of the body, by using fruits, vegetables and herbs. Dietary plans play a vital role in recouping the original health from the attack of any ailment. Strict vegetarian diet is recommended, one week before you begin the detoxification procedure, advises Dr. Linda. Dr. Linda has the three-pronged approach, which is invaluable from the point of view of a practicing herbalist. Firstly, she has provided comprehensive information required to create safe and individualized detoxification program. Secondly, detailed instructions are given for cleansing and detoxification. Thirdly, she explains what a good cleanse means and how to direct the cleaning process for best results. Cleansing is an ongoing activity. It is estimated that about twenty-five thousand new toxins enter the environment every year. Therefore, your commitment to your body is not a favor that you are doing to it—it is your bounden duty for your own good and for the happiness of others, so that they will not have an opportunity to tend your sick body! According to Dr.Linda, â€Å"a detox program aims to remove the cause of diseases before it makes us ill. It’s a time-honored way to keep immune response high, elimination regular, circulation sound, and stress under control, so that your body can handle the toxicity it encounters. In the past, detoxification was used either clinically for recovering alcoholics and drug addicts, or individually as a once-a-ear mild â€Å"spring cleaning† for general health maintenance. Today, regular detoxes program, two or three times a year, makes a big difference not only for health, but for the quality of our lives.†(Page, 1999, p.14) From the point of view of an herbalist, this book contains most of the information and facts such as step by step instructions to guide through detox programs detox charts for special needs, information about â€Å"Green Cuisine†, herbs glossary of detox terms etc. Something dramatic and divine happened about Dr. Linda Page opting to become an herbalist.   She was interned in a hospital with a life-threatening disease, which the allopathic medicines failed to cure. She utilized this opportunity to make intensive study of the herbs, their merits and began to self-treat her with great success. She saved her own life and with the acquired knowledge, she is set on the task to save the lives of others. If an area is infested with mosquitoes, there are two ways of meeting the situation. Spray the insecticide and get rid of the mosquitoes. Or remove the filth, to contain mosquito breeding once for all. The second option finds favor with those who believe in natural remedies. Detoxification, to define its correct meaning, is nothing but all-out purification of body, mind and soul. Dr Linda begins her book on a moral and spiritual note and that is the correct and great approach. She writes, â€Å"Today is a very important day†¦.use it for the best that is in you, so that you will never regret the price you have paid for this day.† References Cited: Page, Linda R: Book: Detoxification – All you need to know to recharge, renew and rejuvenate your body, mind and spirit! (Paperback) 264 pages, Publisher: Healthy Healing Publications (January 15, 1999) Language: English ISBN-10: 1884334547 ISBN-13: 978-1884334542             How to cite Dr. Linda, Essay examples

Analyzing a Contemporary Australian Public Health Policy Using a Theoretical Framework- Infectious Disease Control free essay sample

Introduction Advocacy Coalition is a policy framework which arose out of a need to address limitations of the stages heuristic of the policy process. The Advocacy Coalition framework (ACF) is built on a set of assumptions and highlights policy change as a function of: the interaction of competing advocacy coalitions within a policy subsystem; changes external to the subsystem; the effects of relatively stable system parameters. This work is an application of ACF, as an analytical tool to the Avian Influenza disease control policy in Australia. It traces the political context surrounding the emergence of stakeholder groups and identifies the impact of current policies on principles of equity and social justice. In closing alternative policy strategies and their benefits are discussed. Public Policy Development Selected Theoretical Framework: Advocacy Coalition Framework The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) as a theoretical tool of the policy process provides a framework which explains how interested actors/ stakeholders interact to influence emergence of a public policy or policy change within a specific policy subsystem, over time. The ACF was developed to simplify the complexity of interacting issues such as learning, belief, policy change and role of scientific and technical information, in policy making (Weiber, Sabatier McQueen, 2009). In response to what was perceived as limitations in the policy process literature, Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, created the ACF in the late 1980’s. These limitations included the inadequacy of stages heuristic as causal theory of the policy process, the absence of and poignant need for system-based theories of policymaking and thirdly, a need to place scientific and technical information centrally in the policy process (Weiber, Sabatier McQueen 2009). Within the ACF, policy communities are articulated in terms of beliefs; as such policies are the product of the belief systems of the actors concerned by a given policy subsystem. The important structures – advocacy coalitions –are modeled as flowing from the bonds and relationships of actors who share similar values and beliefs. These coalitions, which may be tightly or loosely coupled, are comprised of government agencies and officials, interest groups, associations, think tanks, academics, academics, persons of the media, and prominent individuals who more or less share a global view and agree generally on policy solutions (Lindquist, 2001). Contextually, within the ACF policies emerge from numerous confrontations and negotiations between different coalitions of actors in the subsystem. Articulating the ACF and the Avian Influenza Policy Subsystem The ACF frequently seeks to explain stakeholder behavior and policy outcomes in intense political conflicts over periods of a decade or more. According to Lindquist (2001), any truly political theory of the policy process must account for the fact that political actors engage in the policy process not only to respond to perceived social problems, but also to advance their own political interests and careers under the prevailing socio-political climate of the particular period. If we couple the foregoing with the central assumption of the ACF that identifies beliefs as the causal generator of political behavior (Weiber, Sabatier McQueen 2009), it becomes manifest that the ACF framing of policies proceeds within the following premise, amongst others, that there exists: (i) identifiable stakeholder groups; (ii) possibly current policy/ policies; and (iii) prevailing political context/ environment. Australian Avian Influenza Policy Subsystem (i) Stakeholder groups: As rightly pointed out by Weible (2006) stakeholder analysis and identification helps policy makers conceptualize actors within and the dynamics of a policy subsystem. Weible (2006) instructs that to properly identify relevant stakeholders there was need to first delineate the most useful unit of analysis – the policy subsystem – as recognized by the ACF. Further to this, supplying answers to such questions as: what interests and beliefs are held by visible actors within the subsystem; what critical resource (who controls such) are available within the subsystem; with whom do identified actors align to form coalitions; what strategies and venues do actors use to achieve their objectives? , clearly defines stakeholders within the policy subsystem being evaluated as modeled by the ACF. A parliamentary research note aptly titled: Avian Influenza – is Australia a sitting Duck (Parliamentary Library, 2004) gives indication of stakeholders involved in the Australian Avian influenza policy subsystem and provides classical instance of the multiple stakeholders usually involved in an AC framework (Schlager Blomquist, 1996) . The document gives a global view of the implicated stakeholders as including the Commonwealth, states, territories and local government departments of Health; Industry, tourism resources; Agriculture, fisheries and forestry, non governmental organizations (like Public Health Association of Australia, National Tourism Alliance, Australian Safety and Compensation Council), Airports and Border agencies, Poultry-, and Agric- businesses and industry, Animal Health Australia , as well as professional bodies (Australian Medical Council, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and Australian Veterinary Council). This agrees with Schlager Blomquist (1996) opinion that: â€Å"a policy subsystem consists of actors from public and private organizations who are actively concerned with a policy problem†. In their analysis of contemporary Australian newspaper coverage of the threat of pandemic AI in humans, Stephenson Jamieson (2009) suggested that newspaper accounts invokes a specific form of nation building; thereby implicating the media as stakeholders, also. ii) Existing Policies: Australia’s health policy regarding avian influenza is hinged on its (AI) lethality and significance from the perspective of production and trade of poultry and poultry products and possible transmission to humans (DAFF, 2008). AI is a highly contagious viral infection. According to the WHO (2010), the strain of avian influenza that has emerged from Asia and become widespread internationally since 2003 is classified as an H5N1 AI virus. H5N1 has become infamous globally due not only to its rapid and di verse international spread, but its ability to infect and cause fatalities in humans. As such the existing Australian AI policy targets to eradicate the disease in the shortest possible period, while limiting the risk of human infection and minimizing economic impact, by implementing the following strategies: †¢ Stamping out: destruction of all birds on infected premises (IPs) where there is clinical disease or evidence of active infection with HPAI virus, and the sanitary disposal of destroyed birds and contaminated avian products to remove the source of infection; †¢ Pre-emptive slaughter: of birds possibly on other premises, depending on information derived from tracing, surveillance and study of the behaviour of he disease; †¢ Quarantine and movement: controls on birds, avian products and associated items in declared areas to prevent spread of infection †¢ Decontamination: of facilities, products and associated items to eliminate the virus on IPs and to prevent spread in declared areas; †¢ Tracing and surveillance: to determine the source and extent of infection, and to establish proof of freedom from the disease; †¢ Enhanced biosecurity: at poultry establishments and premises holding cage or zoo birds; †¢ Zoning and compartmentalization: to define infected and disease-free areas; †¢ Public awareness campaign: to communicate risk and promote cooperation from industry, zoos, cage bird owners and the community; and †¢ Protection of public health: by requiring that personnel engaged in eradication activities be vaccinated (with the currently available human vaccine), be treated with antivirals (if appropriate) and wear protective clothing. Vaccination: may be considered if an outbreak of HPAI is likely to spread or has spread out of control. (iii) Political context: Breton et al (2008) explain that the ACF as a model allows coalitions to mobilize and put (especially political) resources to use in order to dominate their environment. The 2004 Liberal election victory returned incumbent John Howard as prime minister and saw continuation of Tony Abbott as health minister. Both political actors viewed decisive action on the AI threat (to public health and economy) as an opportunity to demonstrate the government’s capacity to offer security and safety; thus proving its competence and as justification for its recent reelection (Stephenson Jamieson, 2009). This contemporary political posture of the government at the time and its focus on Australia’s increased role and visibility in Asia- Pacific’s regional economic and health issues provides the political backdrop that framed the extensive AI policy development and the financial commitment to its management (Stephenson Jamieson, 2009; Kelton, 2006). Review of Current AI Policy The Australian AI policy situation has seen a coordination of efforts by the Commonwealth, states and territories and a response approach that can be largely considered from six fronts (DAFF, 2008). Firstly is Border security: Australian animal health and quarantine services continue to monitor and strengthen biosecurity at airports and seaports; next is the Whole-of-Government approach: through implementation of the National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic and a concerted collaboration of government agencies (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Food, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Foreign Affairs and Trade, AusAID, Environment) there is an assured preparedness in the event of any human-to-human transmission of AI; Government-Industry liaison: through Animal Health Australia (AHA) the not-for-profit public company established by the Australian, state and territory governments and major national livestock industry organizations was formed to reduce the risk of entry and spread of emergency animal diseases; simulation exercises: a national simulation (Exercise Eleusis 05) was held in December 2005 to evaluate national capability (industry and government) to manage an outbreak of AI; finally is Emergency communication arrangements, Education and Awareness: this three-pronged information based response directs adequate, relevant and accurate resources to the poultry industry and also the Australia public while Effectiveness of Policies Evaluation of effectiveness of AI control policy calls for revisit to some of ACF’s hypothetical assumptions and concepts. ACF highlights multiple major actors, and that the policy change process normally occurs over a period of a decade or more. Sabatier, (1988) opines that this is to lend credence and bring variety to roles in the generation, dissemination and evaluation of policy ideas. In this light, the AI control policy development in Australia transcended actors within administrative agencies and legislative committees to include journalists, researchers, business concerns, farmers, policy analysts and interest groups and; continued from 1993 through 2003 (Asian pandemic), with technical changes being made till date. Another primary assumption of the ACF regarding an effective policy change is that stakeholders should primarily be motivated to convert their (policy-core) beliefs into actual policy (Schlager and Blomquist 1996). The primacy of core issues and beliefs of stakeholders in the AI subsystem is appreciated from the stance that agriculture (and by involvement poultry) is a major industry in Australia and that the nation is dependent on products, revenue, and employment in this sector (Ungerera Rogersa, 2006). An interesting postulation of the ACF is that more often than not policy or policy change is affected by external perturbations (Weiber, Sabatier McQueen 2009; Schlager and Blomquist 1996; Sabatier, 1988). Employing the interaction of the subsystem with external perturbations (in this case changes to governing coalitions) as parameter for analyzing effectiveness (), it is found that the 2004 election of a liberal government which placed in office a health minister who was ready to champion wider latitude AI policy changes and press parliament for drastic and expedited action (Stephenson Jamieson, 2009; Kelton, 2006; Parliamentary Library, 2004). Overall the Australian AI control policy was largely effective as evidenced by success of the partnership underlying the technical response embodied in the AUSVETPALN (AUSVETPALN, 2008) Policy Impact on Public Health Principles In Australia as in other parts of the world, public policy regarding AI has had serious implications for those who are economically poor, of socially subordinate class or directly involved in poultry farming. Uscher-Pines et al (2007) are of the view that pandemics such as AI have serious potential to exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities and there is need to consider a pandemic not only as a pressing public health issue, but also as an urgent matter of social justice. The policy while having addressed special needs of disadvantaged groups with respect to public health communications through culturally appropriate communications in a variety of formats, including the translation of messages into multiple languages did not provide for social interventions to counteract possible prejudicial social stereotyping or stigmatization of at risk populations such as poultry farmers, recent migrants, indigenous people and healthcare workers (Stephenson Jamieson, 2009; Uscher- Pines et al, 2007). Another sphere of the AI policy, with serious economic implications is the ‘global public good response’ aspect with reference to mass culling of chickens. Notwithstanding compensation, the possible catastrophic impact of this intervention remains and will largely depend on the alternative sources of income, if any, of the farmers (Scoones Forster, 2008). Alternative Strategies Discuss: Alliances and Tensions The area of tension within the AI policy sub system was relatively insignificant as stakeholders were more inclined to forge alliances to realize their objectives. In quiescent subsystems there may only be a single coalition; never exceeding four coalitions the number being limited by all the factors which push actors to coalesce if they are to form effective alliances/ coalitions and avoid defeat (Sabatier, 1988). Animal Health Australia (AHA) is the embodiment of stakeholder alliance efforts in the AI policy process. As an innovative partnership involving Commonwealth, state and territory governments, major livestock industries and other stakeholders it was instrumental in the development and channeling of initiatives culminating in the policy and disease strategy for the control and eradication of avian influenza (AUSVETPALN, 2008). Key to alliance formation is that stakeholders identify and utilize available resources (Weible, 2006). Resources available and employed by AHA, include 1) Information (scientific and technical)- which it utilized to buttress its policy view and convince policy making sovereigns to support its position 2) Financial resources- it was able to bankroll sympathetic candidates, thereby gaining inside access to legislators and political appointees. It was also able to finance research and think tanks to generate information to influence the policy process 3) Skillful leadership- through skillful leadership it was able to articulate a coherent belief system strengthening resolve and focus while navigating the coalition toward policy victory (AHA, 2010). Policy Alternatives: Benefits and Potential Impact on Public Health Principles: Epidemiological Dynamics The international and Australian AI policy response has tended to assume an outbreak emergency/crisis response- focusing on diseased organism/area with disease control/eradication measures (Scoones Forster, 2008). These are fairly standardized, universal responses of plans, programmes, strategies backed up by protocols, manuals and regulations, and implemented globally by a technically-equipped and well resourced, international system. This modeling assumes that diseases spread in concentric circles, that borders of countries and districts do not matter and, if localized and eradicated/contained at source, a global pandemic can be prevented (Longini et al, 2006). Often, it is not always that simple. Complex disease dynamics imply that the what, when, pattern and impact of disease outbreaks is highly context specific requiring a deeper understanding of changing ecologies, demographies and socio-economic contexts in particular, their interactions and dynamics in specific places (Scoones Forster, 2008). As noted by Scoones Forster (2008 pp27) this field level understanding of dynamic contexts is what is startlingly absent in much of the work on avian influenza. There has been remarkably little detailed socio-ecological investigation of the dynamics of change; surely, understanding the underlying drivers of disease change – and the socio-ecological dynamics of emergence – must and ought to be part of any international and Australian policy response. Such a policy perspective, would cast the agenda wider; and as it focuses on socio-cultural-livelihood interactions would translate into gains for economically disadvantaged and socially stereotyped typed populations (Hewlett Hewlett, 2007). Usefulness of Theoretical Frameworks Theoretical frameworks, especially as it relates to Advocacy Coalition Framework provides a systematic depiction of a political context, for stakeholders involved in a policy conflict and/ or process. Through careful evaluation of a subsystem, involved stakeholders are able to identify the different categorizations of theirs and other’s policy (core) beliefs, alliances, usable resources, and accessible venues. Furthermore, use of theoretical frameworks as analytical tool helps to identify possible policy -preferences, and –problems and, the elucidation of approaches necessary to realizing objectives. Limitations of Theoretical Frameworks In articulating the limitations of theoretical frameworks it is instructive the explanation by Maddison Dennis (2009 pp100) that theoretical frameworks provides us with causal explanation of the complexities of how and why policies are or what relationships between variables drive the policy process. From this it is understood that theoretical frameworks, in general, are not able to provide us with an artificial construct of ideal-type situations to aid exploration of problems and forces that shape social processes. Insight into the possible limitations regarding ACF specifically is obtained from Weiber, Sabatier McQueen (2009). These may include: bias toward pluralistic, democratic political system- with limited application in authoritarian regimes; no clear-cut definitive way of demonstrating link between external perturbation(s) and policy (change) as well as learning to policy change. Paul Forster References AHA (Animal Health Australia), National Animal Health Strategic Framework, accessed 17/05/2010 http://www. animalhealthaustralia. com. au/corporate/strategic-direction. cfm Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan, 2008, Disease Strategy Avian Influenza (Version 3. 3,) Accessed On 15/5/2010, http://www. animalhealthaustralia. com. au/ausvetplan Breton, E, Richard, L, Gagnon, F Jacques, M and Bergeron, P, 2008, Health promotion research and practice require sound policy analysis models: The case of Quebec’s Tobacco Act, Social Science Medicine 67, pp. 1679–1689 DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) 2008, Avian Influenza, accessed 12/05/2010, http://www. daff. gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/406261/ocvo-bird-flu-paper. pdf Hewlett, B and Hewlett, 2007, Ebola, Culture and Politics: The Anthropology of an Emerging Disease (Case Studies on Contemporary Social Issues), Florence, KY: Thomson-Wadsworth Ian Scoones and Paul Forster, 2008, The International Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Science, Policy and Politics (working paper), Steps Centre, accessed 12/05/2010, http://www. steps-centre. org/PDFs/Avian%20flu%20final%20w%20cover. pdf Kanamor, S and Jimba, M, 2007, Compensation for, Avian Influenza Cleanup, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 13, No. 2 p341 Kelton, M, 2006, Perspectives on Australian foreign policy, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 29-246, Lindquist, E, 2001, The International Development Centre, Discerning Policy Influence: Framework for a Strategic Evaluation of IDRC-Supported Research, accessed on 6/06/2010 http://www. idrc. ca/en/ev-12177-201-1-DO_TOPIC. html Longini, M, Nizam, A, Xu, S, Ungchusak, K, Hanshaoworakul, W, Cummings, D and Hall oran, E, 2005, Containing Pandemic Influenza at the Source, Science 309(5737): 1083-87 Maddison, S and Richard, D, 2009, An introduction to Australian Public Policy ( Theory and Practice), Cambridge University Press, Victoria Sabatier, P, 1988, An advocacy coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy-oriented learning therein, Policy Sciences, 21:129-168 Schlager, E and Blomquist, W, 1996, A Comparison of Three Emerging Theories of the Policy Process, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 651-672 Stephenson, N and Jamieson, M, 2009, securitizing health: Australian newspaper coverage of pandemic influenza, Sociology of Health Illness, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 525–539 Uscher- Pines , L, Duggan , P, G aroon , J, Karron , R And Faden, R, 2007, Planning For an Influenza Pandemic- Social Justice and Disadvantaged Groups, Hastings Center Report, pp 32-39 Ungerera, C and Rogersa, D, 2006, The Threat of Agroterrorism to Australia: A Preliminary Assessment, Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 29:147–163, 2006

i-o Review Essay Example

i-o Review Paper Essay on i-o The first four stories in this collection have become the best that I have read this year. Then there were people Simon Logan young British writer who writes in the genre of industrial music and it seems specially invented for him, but it accurately describes the -. Fetish-core. How can see already from the very names of genres this literature is the flesh and blood of modern mass culture of the sub-subcultures, partly involved in the music, but later it The collection io -. This eleven dark and damn beautiful stories told in the entourage of perverse industrial worlds. Stories about the mechanisms, technologies and rusty, sometimes unfortunately, people in these non-human worlds. In general, fans of the cyberpunk and kiddies fotkat respirators should enjoy. All lovers of high-quality modern prose should like it too, because word Logan has amazing The first four stories, opening the collection, and completely captured me are called. Prism: mechanization and beauty deconstruction, Coaxial creature [up there], Netadetal and Flash . The rest Embryonic camera, Technique pulsed discharge, The chamber, Like insects, Upset feelings, Desolation and Kroveobmen just on your good, but, unfortunately, strongly lose and pale look on the background of the first furious foursome We will write a custom essay sample on i-o Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on i-o Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on i-o Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer the best part of the stories of Simon Logan what they like trying to distance itself from the usual archetypes (despite the fact that the most common theme in them the killing of god hello Borges). due to the fact that do not tell the story of the plot, and increasingly shows us the world. This description. Very bright, but passively contemplative. Sealed, though emasculated strong acids (which are at least equal the heroes of stories), distilled painting, by means of expressive language. And the beauty of these descriptions ravnouveshivaetsya disgusting of what we have to look at:. Worlds of rusted metal and rotting flesh The main theme of the first four stories can be called a clash with the divine beings, expressed in beauty. So Engineer (half-flesh, half-mechanism), who lives and works on a giant landfill, finds in the garbage Prism: Perhaps the world itself lasts only as long as it is reflected in the faces of her. The first manifestation of a wonderful and ideal rust in a world of perpetual smog, vital oxygen tank behind him, and the cruel gladiatorial fights. She taught me the beauty of whose existence I had never suspected Netadetal tells us about some huge factory, which is perfect because:. The machine [] manufacturers produced an endless stream production of the gods, who are also their own creators and destroyers of their own. So the nameless worker conveyor, once almost accidentally gets a chance to feel like a creator, solve mesmerizing signs engraved on the conveyor belt to grasp the essence and to be deconstructed. In particular, the stories Logan has a certain irony, encased in how a mechanized industrial shell he says is quite familiar to us things and only refracted through the prism of his stories, they are of interest, as if seen from a new angle. Vsypyshka - the story, which is close in spirit to the novels of Amà ©lie Nothomb, that most of all we want to destroy that which is dearer to us all. Luxury bombings, ordered chaos of pyrotechnic entertainment and a crazy couple of lovers: girl-demolition of Shiva and her invulnerable partner, passing through the crucible each arranges her attack. Page after page of the burning alive. Perhaps, this is the strongest, the most beautiful and lyrical story collection. Well, how can there be a strong, beautiful and lyrical napalm Coaxial creature [up there]. a story that I like the most telling of vysokovoltya world, a world in hundreds of meters above the ground, inhabited by engineers serving giant power lines. At regular intervals along the lines pass electrical pulse monstrous force, at which time all personnel must be in special shelters. But the main character dream of seeing the beauty of clean energy, for which he created a clever device glasses. What he sees behind the lightning current will never return to his old life. Basically, if you know of such an old film like The Man with X-ray vision and enjoy the story as I do, that story you will certainly enjoy. I still wear welding goggles and face of the deity ever crashed into the retina of my eyes. As I said at the beginning, there were more people -. Ie heroes of the stories are bags of bones, vprotivoves mechanism using other than homo sapiensa logic that was so attractive, fascinating and charming. The remaining stories will not be described in such detail, mentioning only that Technique pulsed discharge must love those who liked anime Akira and Like insects fetish and perversely funny story about the sect hunters for rock idols. A sort of sexual maniac groupies. Kurt Cobains sperm and another murder God. And the story of Desolation amazing Victorian ghost story, well, except that in the industrial surroundings, with fittings and high rafters. The cover story Kroveobmen I liked the least. But only because of my personal characteristics. This vampire story high-tech, to try on the dress Shakespearean drama, too unpleasant relish pictures of open wounds and blood sucking. I think thereof fans there, I just, once seen too many of his own blood, the thick edge of the open wounds and whitened bone depth. Since then, from the very savory descriptions blood it is to me a little uneasy. A dismemberment approx. Another minus stories a stupid ending, because it was not Nescafe kroveobmen. Dialysis there and does not smell, but the spreading cranberry yes. But, for all that, this story is one of the most beautiful collection of phrases: She was lying on the oilcloth-covered plastic hospital bed, and flowers of infected blood virus flourished around it. Well frazochka: This woman can not be called in the full sense of the word love of his life - but the feeling that he felt for her, almost drawn to this definition, it is also ver y personal To summarize. Storybook i-o is a luxury in boskhianskih colors, canvas, which will take great pleasure to all who are able to experience the beauty of the industrial landfill, perfectly straight line factory chimneys and chemical saturation of colors. Places the rough, sometimes idiotic grotesque fetish, it is still very beautiful prose. And it is worth noting, honestys sake, that such beautiful dumps, rusty skeletons and factory sheds, as described in Logan, all of you will never find anywhere else except in this book. And the main charm of Logans book does not fantastic, but phantasmagoric works.

Schizophrenia in Society essays

Schizophrenia in Society essays Schizophrenia is defined as a chronic and debilitating mental illness which causes the distortion of reality. It is one of the most severe mental illnesses known to the scientific community. In a day and age where over 22.1 percent of Americans have diagnosable mental illnesses, schizophrenia seems to be the king. In 1998 statistics showed that over 2.2 million people had schizophrenia. It is estimated that 1.1 percent of the world population have schizophrenia in a given year. Schizophrenia affects men women in the same way. People usually develop schizophrenia between the ages of 18-25, but usually men get it earlier. Schizophrenia has many variations of itself. These variations are called subtypes. One subtype of schizophrenia is catatonic schizophrenia. When someone has catatonic schizophrenia they exhibit extremes in their behavior. People with catatonic schizophrenia may also develop catalepsy, echolalia, or echopraxia. Catalepsy is a lack of response to external stimuli and muscular rigidity causing the limbs to stay in the position where they are last placed. Catalepsy is also common among people with epilepsy. Echolalia and echopraxia are similar in the fact that they are both imitations of something. Often people with catatonic schizophrenia imitate sound (Echolalia) movements (Echophraxia). People with these can explode into a jumpy, erratic behavior causing them to repeat purposeless movements. Catatonic Schizophrenia is rare today, but will always be referred to as one of the most advanced types of schizophrenia before modern treatment. Another type of schizophrenia is Disorganized Schizophrenia. People with this subtype are often very disorganized in their actions and speech. These peoples actions may seem flat and inappropriate at times. When disorganized schizophrenia is developed it disturbs a persons behavior, communication, and thought. People with this may be more eccentric than most people as many dressy...

Procedural programming languages and object oriented programming Essay - 1

Procedural programming languages and object oriented programming language - Essay Example Procedural programming languages are those that follow the procedural paradigm for programming as is evident. The procedural approach basically guides to transform processes into procedure. First the processes are identified, and then they are broken down into smaller processes which finally shape into procedures. There are several limitations in the procedural approach like extension and re-usability of code is quite limited because of its nature as compared to the object oriented approach, where objects can be reused, updated and redesigned without having adverse effects on overall system functionality. Furthermore, code management also becomes challenging because of its sequential nature. Several object oriented languages offer program solutions based on the object oriented paradigm like Java, C++, .Net, Ada, SmallTalk etc. One of the most important aspects of OOP languages is dynamic binding or late binding. OOP offers a rather different approach than procedural approach. The process of abstraction is managed by objects. Every process will be broken into inter object interactions. OOP languages supports objects, classes, instances, method, message, inheritance, subtype principle etc (Aaby Pg. 968). Class inheritance allows the member attributes and functions of one class to be used as if they were members of a second class. Inheritance is one of the primary characteristics of OO programing (Lippman, Pg. 391). In OOP methodology a system basically consists on interactions of objects and each object has to perform its own responsibility after that the responsibility is delegated to other objects. This delegation of responsibility is through the messages. In OOP methodology the system analysis and design consists of the following steps: Object definition or classes basically describe the objects. The class or object definition consist of properties/ attributes

Financial theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial theories - Research Paper Example This theory applied to establish the expected rate of return on investments to pricing models of modern assets. Some of the attributes include the support of what information can be supportive for strategic investment (Shankman, 1999). Agency theory aimed at the ever-present relationship of agency, in which delegation of work takes place from one person to another, usually the principal and agent. The agency theory deals with the agency clashes, between principals and agents (Bamberg & Spremann, 1987). This theory has certain attributes which includes: (1) ambiguity in routine conclusions, (2) unfavorable choice, and (3) nature of work performed (Bamberg & Spremann, 1987). Agency Costs of free-cash-flow occur between stockholders and managers’ conflict. These conflict arises where a firms with large cash flows than positive investment forecast. The attributes are: (1) agency costs of free cash flow’s reduction benefit in debts and (2) substitution of debt against dividends (Bowie & Freeman, 1992). Theory of Capital Structure provides the companies to organize their financial sources from internal to equity financing. Capital raising sources includes equity or debt, to equity is treated as less preferred means of raising capital. Firms usually, large firms raise their debts to support the dividend’s payment while small firms cut their debts to disburse dividend (Myers & Nicholas, 1984). â€Å"Economic Value Added Theory† (EVA) is a technique of financial performance to compute the profit of a firm. Coca-Cola and General Motors are good examples of this theory. The attributes of this theory includes: (1) maximization of the wealth of shareholders, and (2) investors expectation of company’s growth in future profits against the cost of capital (Hayne, 1998). â€Å"Weighted average cost of Capital is the rate of return, sometimes called discount rate† (Shankman, 1999). This applied in assessing weather the project is viable or not in the

Where to Invest Housing Vs Stock Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Where to Invest Housing Vs Stock Market - Essay Example This also means that the investors have to rationally decide investing into different markets and instruments which coincide with their investment preferences therefore, choosing between investing into stock market or housing market is based on such investment preferences. It is generally believed that prices in housing market tend to inflate at the time when stock market performs better. This correlation suggests that a high performing stock market tend to improve the overall economic environment which also supports other markets. However, what is also important is the fact that while considering making a decision to investing into housing or stock market is dependent on the returns offered by the alternative investments at the acceptable level of risk. (Blake, 2000). Therefore, if all other things do not change; investor will make a decision where return is higher and risk is minimum. What is however, most critical is the fact that investors often face dilemma when the respective risk profiles of markets start to show greater volatility. It is very well known that making an investment into stock market is the riskiest investment because stock markets, historically, have shown greater volatility, hence greater risk, over the long period of time.

CSR and Corporate Identity

CSR and Corporate Identity Assignment Question : Outline a research question that can be investigated using qualitative methods. Describe a plan for how you will research that question. Your plan should include strategies for both data collection and data analysis. The rationale for the adoption of a particular form of data collection and analysis must be presented. 1. Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate the gap between ideals and practices on corporate identity through corporate social responsibility (CSR) and build up practical findings to help corporations narrow the gap thus enabling them to enhance their CSR identity for both companies and employees. This study will focus on the case of large Korean corporations the so called ‘chaebol corporations (henceforth, chaebols). Chaebols are interesting cases to conduct CSR related research because chaebols use CSR for substituting their distorted corporate image and identity as ‘unethical, coming from illegal acts and unsound governance structure. In this sense, chaebols can be considered appropriate cases are currently grappling with a big gap between ideals and practices as the same pertain to their CSR identity. Exploring CSR identity and its effects on practice in chaebols will provide practical indications about the relationship between corporate identity strategy and its employees implementation and theoretical implications on chaebol related research. With multiple-case study strategy, this study will start by looking at corporate CSR identity on the organisational perspectives in case companies. Following this, the study will explore employees perception on corporate identity and CSR activities to identify and examine the factors that influence employee corporate identity and encourage employee participation in CSR activities. This is achieved using a triangulation method. This includes semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and documentary analysis. In this paper, I will design the research plan with methodological strategy, data collection strategy and data analysis strategy including rationales respectively. 2. Research Questions Assumptions Research Questions The research questions will focus on exploring how CSR identity is conceptualised by companies and employees and how that resulting identity influences CSR practices in reality. Thus, the primary research questions are as follows: Q1. How do corporations conceptualise their CSR identity ? Q2. How does corporate identity formed at the organisational level influence the ethical identity of employees? Q3. What are the connections between the organisational level identity of CSR and employees participation in CSR activities? Assumptions Assumptions grounded in the logic of multi-faceted model of corporate identity (Soenen and Moingeon 2002) and employee performances are as bellow. This multi-faceted model of identity is not a measurement and it provides 5 categories of identity. A1. Corporate identity of CSR will affect employees participation for social activities. A2. Employees participation in CSR activities will increase when corporate identity and their strategies are aligned. A3. Professed identity will not affect employees participation in CSR activities. A4. Employees participation in CSR activities will be influenced by four types of identities when they are matched with each other. 3. Research Design (1) Research Method and Justifications This research will be conducted with a qualitative method. According to Creswell (2003), the main reason of using the qualitative method for research is because of exploratory character of study. As this study focuses on the perspectives of both the corporation itself and that of employees about CSR identity and CSR activities, qualitative methods of research and analysis are adopted. A qualitative method enables in-depth exploration of the CSR identity and, simultaneously, aid in understanding the conceptual relationships between ideals and practice about CSR identity and CSR activities. Moreover, as corporate identity which is formed by socially agreed concepts, and CSR, which has discursively constructed concepts, are both rather subjective, and changeable depending on the particular organisation, qualitative approach is more appropriate to understand how these identities can be conceptualised and formed in an organisational context. Comparing to qualitative methods, a quantitative approach rather focuses consideration on measurements and quantities of the traits established by the people or events of studies (Murray 2003). (2) Epistemological Approach While much research used quantitative method mainly takes a position of a functionalist or positivist stance, qualitative research can take almost all possible epistemological positions (Gephart 1999 ; Symon and Cassell 2004). This research overall takes an interpretive epistemological view with technically along with realistic point of view. While this research focuses on the specific cases of chaebols, the aim is not a generalization of findings. Instead, the findings might represent chaebol related issues. Taking an interpretivist view, sampling of target cases will be purposeful (Daymon and Holloway 2002) rather than being statistically and randomly representative sample. (3) Methodological Strategy and Technical Epistemological Justification Case Study Strategy Justifications This research will take the multiple-case study strategy as its methodological research strategy. There are two reasons for choosing a case study. First, as mentioned above, CSR itself is a very arguable concepts and the impact of CSR can vary depending on corporations conditions (Cho and Hong 2009) and corporate identity matters as well. As case study methodology draws insight from data gathered in research ( Stern 1998; Borgerson, Schroeder et al. 2009), to explore CSR and identity on both organisational and employees perspectives, it is a useful method to understand matters within the organisation context and obtain in-depth and empirical knowledge on them. Secondly, the case study approach is for this research as it enables the use of interview methods and company documents to collect data (Yin 2003) and also, verify the validity of the collected data. As for more replicable evidence, this research is based on multiple-case study of chaebol corporations. Ten cases are sufficient replications to obtain external validity. Compared to single-case designs, the evidence which is derived from multiple-case studies tends to be more compelling and being more powerful (Hersen and Barlow 1976 ; Yin 2003). The case sampling strategy will be explained in the data collection section. Even though the level of analysis is organisational, the unit of analysis is individual for example, managers and non-managerial employees who are directly and indirectly related to CSR identity and CSR activities in their organisations. (4) Data Collection Strategy and Technical Epistemological Justification 1) Triangulation Method The methods to gather the data will be triangulation methods: semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus group interviews and documentary analyses. The triangulation method is helpful to get an external validity in this research. Data sets obtained from each of 10 multiple-cases will be triangulated as figure 1. Semi-structured in-depth interviews A semi-structured interview will be conducted with managers and employees in the CSR department and strategy department. These informants can provide more specific and in-depth knowledge about their own experiences in face-to-face interviews. Even though other methods such as telephone or internet interviews, can also be carried out under the qualitative interview paradigm (King 2004), this research which deals with Korean managers and workers requires face-to-face interviews due to the greater importance of Korean culture in which direct contact can aid in obtaining greater details of the thoughts and experiences of interviewees. Focus Group interviews A focus group interview will be held with managers in other strategy related departments and with employees who have experience in CSR activities. The motivation for adopting this approach is that it allows participants to discuss their thinking and ideas about the CSR strategy and CSR identity with their colleagues at which point the similarities and differences on the perceptions of the participants about CSR can be investigated with greater ease. The advantage of using the focus group interview method at this stage is that it enables participants to get an idea from their colleagues so that they can reflect back on their thinking and their own experiences (King 2004). The questions which will be asked in the interviews will vary depending on the targets. In managerial level interviews, interviewees will be asked about how they conceptualise and identify CSR in terms of the 4 categories of responsibilities as classified by Carroll (Carroll 1999). In the non-managerial level interviews, interviewees will be asked about how they define their corporate identity in terms of CSR and how these identities affect their CSR participation. All of the interviews will be tape-recorded with the interviewees permission for later transcription. Documentary Analysis With regards to the validity of data collection, I will use the triangulation method with documentary analysis in addition to the focus group interview and the semi-structured interview. With respect to the documentary analysis, I will use CSR annual reports which are organised according to reporting guidelines (e.g. GRI Guideline). These reports will be accessed via companies webpage. 2) Sampling Strategy The case companies will be selected according to the ‘Most admirable companies in Korea 2009 ranking complied by the Korea Management Association (KMA). This index ranks companies, according to a consumer survey and employee survey, in terms of the companies ethical image and identity. If ranked in the top level, the company is considered to be, to some extent, ethical and philanthropic and is considered to have CSR strategies and programmes that are more systematically designed than those of other companies. After selecting the 10 top ranked companies as sample cases, interview targets will be selected by a purposive sampling strategy. This is because CSR requires professional knowledge through strategy planning and implementation at the organisational level. In this sense, managerial levels and non-managerial levels in CSR related departments will be considered the target samples for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Those located in other departments will be the target sa mple on focus group interviews. I will contact these targets by email and telephone and in some of the aforementioned cases, have already established initial connections. 3) Epistemological justifications In terms of epistemological position, this research will have realist assumptions interviewees accounts are assumed to indicate awareness about their actual experiences of CSR involvement. This realist approach will make it possible to gather more accurate accounts by comparing the findings from the interview with the documentary analysis. In qualitative research, interview methods aim â€Å"to see the research topic from the perspectives of the interviewee and understanding how and why they come to have this particular perspective† (King 2004). As this research takes the realist approach, the interview will be more structured and systematically prepared compared to, for example, interviews conducted by constructivists or phenomenologists (Pawson and Tilley 1997). 5) Data Analysis Strategy 1) Template Analysis Epistemological Justification Analysis of this research will be conducted via the templates technique. According to King (2004), template analysis as a set of techniques that can be used in realist work. It admits a positivistic position and is particularly useful for research that aims to compare different or similar perspectives of target groups within an organisational context (King 2004). In this sense, this research which relies on realistic epistemological viewpoints and is aims to examine CSR concepts and identity strategy as perceived by corporations and employees, templates analysis provides the most suitable way to produce a list of theme codes which, in turn, derive the concepts and definitions of CSR identity from the informants own words within a theoretical framework thus enabling the analysis to develop new theoretical and empirical implications. As mentioned previously, this research will focus on how corporations and employees perceive CSR concepts and identity from their experience on corporations CSR strategy and implementation, which means the words and expressions coming from their own perceptions, can be extremely varied. Therefore, creating the initial template with a few defined codes (King 2004) and starting with this initial template will be a very helpful to guide analysis as well as to collect data. Compared to other techniques such as grounded theory and repertory grids, this research starts with a theoretical framework and needs organisational level analysis. Using the template analysis, the process of conducting research will proceed as follows. First, to construct the initial template, interview guides will be prepared from a literature review and informal anecdotal evidence from the authors own experience. This interview guide will include minimum information so as to gain more ideas from the interviewees. Thus, the initial template will begin in a simplified format and consist of the 3 highest-order codes and two or three subdivided lower-order codes. It will then be subject to a processes of insertion and deletion with changes in the higher-order classifications (King 2004) after the first focused group interviews. For this, at the beginning of the first focus group interview, interviewees will be asked to express their opinions and perceptions on CSR under the three highest-order codes and several lower-order codes following the brief topic guideline. They focus group interviewees can then proceed with their discussions. After each interview, the initial template will be edited and added with some new codes if the issues are not found to be covered by the presented codes. 4. Limitations Conclusions This study has limitations in terms of generalization due to the small sample size. This is because a small number of respondents cannot be representative of the entire companys view, even though the propositions are proved by the respondents. The findings from this qualitative study may, thus, be considered preliminary. Further research, conducted using larger samples and adopting longitudinal analysis can aid to make the findings of the present research more robust. Moreover, given their unique governance system and political background in social context (Kim and Lee 2003), at present, chaebol related research tends to be conducted with an institutionalist approach. However, in this research, these factors are excluded as the focus is being kept on the organisational and individual level of the perception making process. This study will show the gap of corporate identity between ideals and practices and how employees are influenced by corporate identity in CSR practices. By using qualitative approaches with a case study strategy, this research will have practical implications for managers who work in CSR departments, viz., it will identify how to connect their strategy to employees ethical identification and participation. Reference Borgerson, J. L., J. E. Schroeder, et al. (2009). Corporate communication, ethics, and operational identity: A case study of Benetton. Business Ethics: A European Review 18(3): 209-223. Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsiblity. Business Society 38(3): 268-295. Cho, S. and Y. Hong (2009). Netizens evaluations of corporate social responsibility: Contents analysis of CSR news stories and online readers comments. Public Relations Review 35: 147-149. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications, Inc. Daymon, C. and I. Holloway (2002). Qualitative Research Method in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London, Routledge. Gephart, R. (1999). Paradigms and Research Methods. Research Methods Forum 4. Hersen, M. and D. H. Barlow (1976). Single-case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior New York, Pergamon. Kim, B. and I. Lee (2003). Agency problems and performance of Korean companies during the Asian financial crisis: Chaebol vs. non-chaebol firms. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 11(327-348). King, N., Ed. (2004). Using Interviews in Qualitative Research. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. King, N., Ed. (2004). Using Templates in the Thematic Analysis of Text. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Inc. Murray, T. R. (2003). Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Theses and Dissertations. Thousand Oaks, California, Corwin Press, Inc. Pawson, R. and N. Tilley (1997). Realistic Evaluation. London, SAGE Publications Inc. Soenen, G. and B. Moingeon, Eds. (2002). The five facets of collective identities. Integrating corporate and organizational identity. Corporate and Organizational Identities: Integrating Strategy, Marketing, Communication and Organizational Perspectives. London, Routledge. Stern, B. B., Ed. (1998). Representing Consumers: Voices, Views and Visions. New York, Routledge. Symon, G. and C. Cassell, Eds. (2004). Promoting New Research Practices in Organizational Research. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA, SAGE Publications.

An Argument Against Abortion Essay -- Pro Life Pro-life essays researc

Abortion in America is a controversial issue in which both sides have valid arguments at face value. The pro-choice side has many arguments to support it belief in keeping abortion legal. Many of these are faulty, and argue points irrelevant to the issue as I will attempt to illustrate, thereby eliminating the main pro-choice arguments. The pro-life position has somewhat different ideas. The most popular of these is: The unborn entity is fully human from the moment of conception. Abortion results in the intentional death of the unborn entity. Therefore, abortion can be defined the intentional killing of a human being. This killing is in most cases unjustified, since the unborn human being has a full right to life. If, however, there is a high probability that a woman's pregnancy will result in her death (such as tubal pregnancy, for example), then abortion is justified. For it is a greater good that one human should live (the mother) rather than two die (the mother and her child). Or, in such cases the intent is not to kill the unborn but to save the life of the mother. With the exception of such cases, abortion is an act in which an innocent human being is intentionally killed; therefore, abortion should be made illegal, as are all other such acts of killing. One argument made by people in favor of abortion is an appeal to pity. When one fallaciously argues by appealing to pity, one is arguing that certain actions should be permitted or tolerated out of pity for those performing them when in fact the basis for showing them pity is not a legitimate basis for the action. For example, a woman who argues that she should not receive a parking ticket because her child was crying and she took her child to a candy store to cheer her up is appealing to pity. The following abortion rights arguments are examples. Anyone who goes to pro-choice demonstrations in the United States will see on pro-choice buttons a drawing of a coat hanger. This is the symbol of the pro-choice movement representing the many women who were harmed or killed because they either performed illegal abortions on themselves (i.e., the surgery was performed with a "coat hanger") or went to physicians. That means, if abortion is made illegal, then women will once again be h... ...asy economic access to such "professionals." In the abortion debate the question of whether abortion entails the death of a being who is fully human must be answered before the question of fairness is even asked. That means, since equal opportunity to eliminate an innocent human being is rarely a moral good, the question of whether it is fair that rich people will have access to abortion if it becomes illegal must be answered after the question of whether abortion in fact is not the killing of an innocent human life is answered. This is like saying the benefits of the wealthy are virtues simply because the poor are denied them. Sounds like bs to me. Although the abortion argument will probably go on forever, eliminating faulty arguments will help people reach a reasonable decision on the issue. When the pro-choice side argues such points as the ones above, it tricks many people by playing on such things as peoples sympathy and compassion wrongly. If each side was represented fairly, it is likely people would become in favor of a ban on abortion when facts are the issue instead of a false play to people's emotion.

John & John Case

I. Problem: The major issue that Johnson& Johnson (J&J) faces with its face powder is that despite the product’s innovation, a toiletry design and confidence in potential customers, it positions its product line as a cheap skin refresher by using supermarkets as main distributing channels and setting the price range of product cheaper compared to that of competitors sold in department stores, which damages its brand and profits.In order to ensure that J&J makes a success in launching new brand category product with profits, it needs to develop a marketing strategy to make more profits by changing its distribution channels, the price range higher and targeted customers under the toiletry concept. II. Alternatives: ) Position as a premium refresher through department stores channels + Raise awareness of a new product as a premium brand by severing relation with baby powder + Higher margin and potential to raise prices above original margins + Successful upper and middle level cu stomers targeting with high value brand and synergy with J&J brand – High price and little difference with cosmetics may be unattractive to teen and young adults – Fierce Competition with current face powders sold (ex: Angel Face) in the department stores – Losing opportunity to use established strong distribution strength in supermarket channels ) Position as a premium refresh for both young female and adults through department stores + Enlarging market by targeting both teen and young adults and older female, including mothers + Less pressure from mother’s opposed to their daughter’s using cosmetic face powder from compacts + End user’s enhanced purchasing power resulting from targeting older females – Young customer’s alienation from the product due to their tendency not sharing with old generations – More designs and functions for satisfying different kinds of customers in terms of age – Unpromising forecast a bout current cosmetic user’s transition into new product category ) Position as a premium refresher for young adults through supermarket channels + Easy access to the product from potential customers + Differentiation from household items sold in the supermarkets due to high price and premium brand + Strong distribution power by usage of already established supermarket distribution channels – Difficulty in separating its image from grocery items in the supermarkets – Small profit margins compared to that of department stores – Huge advertising cost is unnecessary, unprofitable and ineffectiveIII. Recommendation: I suggest that J&J set a new product line as a premium refresher with higher price by distributing it through department stores. At first, the demand of targeted customers such as teens and young adults is already verified. In order to make more profit with this product, J&J needs to target the market segmentation more specific.Considering most po tential customers are young females living in urban areas with relative economic capability, more profit margin in department stores compared to supermarkets, and a marketing strategy under the toiletry concept, I recommend that J&J change its distribution channel into department store and set the price range higher than the current competitors in the market, thus resulting in more profit margin and boosting an image of brand new product as premium items among young adults-main target customers-in the Philippines.In addition, high end strategy will pave the way for launching J&J’s future youth lines such as body care product with high profit margin and providing high brand image with future customers to J&J’ baby products, not mention to more profit margin and enhanced J&J’s premium brand resulting from department stores distribution.

Skinner &Behaviorism essays

Skinner &Behaviorism essays Behavioral Cognitive Theories And Techniques Frederick Community College There were several predominant theorists in the cognitive behavioral meta-theory. Each theorist came to their conclusions, were received, and added to therapeutic skills in different ways. Their biographical history allows for a better understanding of how they came upon their conclusions. Their theories add to the understanding of human nature. Their critics expose flaws or oversights in the theories. The techniques used in the action stage of therapy today all have some historical roots in these theories and the theories of others. The overall goal being to focus on making changes in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings while continuing to explore feelings and examine values, priorities, barriers. Behaviorism began when Ivan Pavlovs dogs began to salivate upon hearing the sounds of food being prepared. Unfortunately this phenomenon ruined his saliva measuring experiment but it contributed the theory of classical conditioning. The theory is that when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus many times a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response will result. The unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlovs experiment was the food, which caused the dogs to salivate. The unconditioned stimulus normally elicits this reaction. The neutral stimulus, something that does not normally elicit the same reaction as the unconditioned stimulus, was a tone or bell. When the two were presented together the conditioned stimulus or learned stimulus became the tone and the learned behavior or conditioned response was to salivate. John B. Watson (1878 1958) expanded Pavlovs theory into the behaviorism. Due to his contribution he became know as the Father of American Behaviorism. He described behaviorism as the study of overt rather than covert behavior. His emphasis was on objectivity instead of extrospection. This concept was drastically diff...

Mycobacterium leprae essays

Mycobacterium leprae essays Mycobacterium leprae is a chemoorganoheterotroph microbe that causes the disfiguring disease called leprosy. Leprosy is also known as Hansens disease because it was first discovered by Dr. Armauer Hansen is 1873. Leprosy has been around since biblical times but there was no treatment available until the 1940s. Mycobacterium leprae has never been grown in artificial cultures but can be grown in the footpads of mice and armadillos. Mycobacterium leprae closely resembles the size and shape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium leprae is acid-fast, gram-positive, and rod shaped. It also has a thick, waxy coating. Leprosy has a gradual onset which can take years due to the long incubation period which can be as long as three to five years. This disease is transmitted through the skin or the mucus lining of the nose and throat. Children are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease. Some of the symptoms of leprosy are one or more skin lesions with decreased sensation, lesions that have not healed after several weeks to months, numbness in extremities, and muscle atrophy. There are two common forms of leprosy, tuberculoid and lepromatous. Tuberculoid leprosy causes the loss of sensation of the skin and atrophy of the muscles. This is the mildest form of leprosy and there is nerve damage but it is non-progressive. The more severe form of leprosy is lepromatous leprosy which is also the progressive form of this disease. Less nerve damage is associated with this form but facial features, fingers, and toes disintegrate. People with long-term leprosy may lose the use of their hands or feet because the absence of sensation can cause injuries to go unnoticed. Inadequate care causes infection of open wounds. Gangrene may also follow, causing body tissue to die and become deformed. The person infected could also experience blindness if the disease continues to advance. ...

Activity-based-costing (ABC) in practice - the factors affecting the Essay

Activity-based-costing (ABC) in practice - the factors affecting the successful implementation of an ABC system - Essay Example ABC also provides useful information about the cost of the product which is helpful in decision making (Weetman, 2012, pp. 85-88). According to Drury, ABC method can be used for various cost management applications like customer profitability analysis, business process management and value chain analysis. According to some other management accounting literature ABC can be divided in four genres like contingency research, basic research, critical research and consulting. It can be seen that type of the contingency research is one of the most important development on the topic of ABC. However, some countries have given more attention to the contingency based research. Johnson (1990) has described that ABC, ROI and Variance Analysis are the most important concept of management accounting in 20th century. According to Mitchell (1994), ABC system got high profile popularity by the work of Kaplan and Cooper. Bhimani and Piggott (1992) have stated that Activity Based Costing has many important benefits over other costing systems like it increases the cost accuracy of product and provides more comprehensive information about cost incurred to ensure better performance. It also provides more accurate data which helps the managers to take better decisions and increase efficiency for sensitivity analysis. It is also considered as a valuable model which adds value to the organizational activities and transactions. According to some research studies, respondents told that they are satisfied and they think that ABC provides more accurate costing result than the traditional method of costing. These studies have also stated other benefits like accurate profitab ility analysis for customers, positive behavioral effect on employees, accurate insight into cost behavior and causation and better measurement of performances. According to Mitchell and Innes (1991) have stated that Activity Based Costing gives more relevant costs

Mid-Term Status Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mid- Status Report - Term Paper Example Development of the food industry in Saudi Arabia has placed the requirement for better quality of food supplies. Arzaq avails the chance of being one of the main importers of food supplies to keep their restaurants and grocery stores completely equipped with food items at all times. In the present competitive global business realm, marketing plays a vital role in guaranteeing the success of food industry in the market. Saudi Arabia is not an exemption from this competitive business atmosphere in the global market. The financial system of Saudi Arabia is oil-based and there is a well-built government control over all the main financial activities. So, proper attention should be given to every stage of the project by way of mid-term status report. This report includes mostly the analysis part since it is a mid-term report. Analysis part includes the market analysis of food industry in Saudi Arabia. As a direct outcome of such mid-term status report evaluation processes, various plans i ntended at improving the main plan have been drafted and as such, the proposals contained in the report have at the present turned out to be specific initiatives, looking to improve the execution of all programs that have been assessed and examined. Taking into account all efforts of various people involved in this mid-term status report, we would like to thank them as well as dedicate the document to them for having helped to turn it into a reality. Both primary and secondary sources will be used to recognize the most appropriate way to set up the HRD at Arzaq. Literature review and market analysis prove that the best way to establish the HRD is to evaluate the organizational structure of other business establishments of similar size and ideally carrying out similar services as well as find out how the HRD functions in them. The main aim of this project is to successfully set up the HRD at Arzaq that rapidly fits into the culture of the organization and assists the company in devel oping quality of performance of the workforce. After carrying out a marketing and situational analysis of Arzaq food industry of operations, there have been various discoveries as to how the organization can make use of its operations to increase its competitiveness. Background of the Project: Our viewpoint for the Saudi Arabian customer sector remains bright, in line with the most recent economic indicators. The Saudi Arabian financial system is currently firing on every cylinder, as high oil costs, heavy government expenses and buoyant customer confidence continue to drive development. The adjustment of the HRD into Arzaq’s organization and its competence will be examined after it has been established. The performance of HRD will be evaluated with regard to business of the Arzaq’s systems, volume of knowledge, and value of performance of the employees. Arzaq started out as a private company through a very limited scope, but in its successful efforts to respond to the increasing requirements of the market, has enlarged in its scope and size of work. The company is at the present large enough to contend with any reputable service providers in this area, and so needs an appropriate human resource department (HRD). Until now, the HRD services were being carried out informally by the top management that has been multitasking, but at the present the need for an

Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning Research Paper

Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning - Research Paper Example Learning can take place anywhere and at any time and anyone can be the benefactor of the said learning experience. In this essay, attention will be focused on the learning conditions of Robert Gagne who is famous for writing a lovely piece of literature called the Conditions of learning (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012).   This piece of literature is an educational piece of writing that is also composed of psychological meanings and importance. By analyzing the literature, it can be seen that Robert was of the assumption that in learning, there are different types of learning that do exist and they are totally different. Some people might look at the definition of learning and see that learning is the amassing of facts that is sometimes are different while at other times are the same type of knowledge. In the journal, there are different types and levels of learning that bring about the accumulation of knowledge. From the journal, it is hard not to view Gagne as an individu al with the need for perfection (Conditions of Learning (R. ... Again from the journal, Gagne identifies that for each category, there is the need for certain conditions, both internal and external which differ from each other that is needed in order to have a meaningful learning experience (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012).   At such a point, it is not hard to figure out where Gagne is heading. From his journal, it is safe to assume that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction in that for certain categories of learning to proceed as planned like say cognitive strategies, there has to be a certain gap in which one can practice the development of new solutions that will solve certain problems. There has to be a chance in which one can learn new attitudes of coping with learning and how to find their way around problems. While taking a look at learning in general, it is assumed that in whichever way that an individual gets the knowledge, it has fulfilled its part. From Gagne’s point of view which many might find i nteresting; learning occurs best when a certain number of tasks are done in a well organized and efficient manner (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012).   From the journal, there are certain things that cause the concentration of an individual to be at its best. Such things are influenced by stimulus, response generation, following of procedure, the use of certain terminologies, certain discriminatory ways, and formation of concepts, application of a said or written rule and the general idea of solving problems. When the things concerning learning are placed in an orderly manner, in that they are arranged in a hierarchical way, they give rise to the much needed knowledge of how information is accumulated. The main work of the system of hierarchy

The grand theatre leeds Essay Example for Free

The grand theatre leeds Essay Linda as a child is very excitable and active. She is dressed up (by her mother) in a very feminine way, however, she was a real tom boy inside. She carried on in everyday life things such as sitting down, as if she was a boy, legs wide open and crossed, as if unaware of the fact she was revealing her knickers to boys. On this scene when Linda is sticking up for him, they treat each other as the same sex, they are all the same as far as they are concerned, and they are totally oblivious to the world around them. Another scene when they are together is the scene when Mickey introduces Edie to Linda. They are all sat playing shooting with the guns. They are all extremely imaginative as they believe there are really shooting things. The three children are sat in the corner of downstage right, they are situate here so it makes them look smaller than they actually are because there is all the space around them compared to the amount of space used when the adults are on the stage. Here the relationship between Linda and Mickey is at its strongest. Linda hits the target every time, whereas Mickey misses, he doesnt show that he is jealous though. She laughs like a boy here, she feels completely at ease with him. Linda-Nikki Davis Jones-portrays the age of Linda very well here by shoeing the amount of concentration on her face when she is shooting, she is totally engrossed in her target. The relationship between Mickey and Linda is very close at this age and Mickey is not afraid to show his affections towards Linda or his mum. He doesnt think about his affections though, they are what come naturally to him; he loves to get excited and jump around. E. g. when Mickey bends over Linda to get the gun off Eddie he leans on her, whereas soon when he is a teenager he would never get as close to her as that without feeling embarrassed. The way Linda laughs when she wins shows the lack of problems and stress they had in between the relationship at that age, she is laughing with happiness and such an open body line, she has nothing on her mind. She has a lot of respect for Mickey but different to the respect he has for his brother, in the way that Linda laughs , flinging her head back as she does, she sees her self as equal to him, and would not get embarrasses in front of him. As teenagers Linda and Mickey are totally different. In the scene on the stile Linda is much more psychological, she thinks about her movements and what reactions they might have on Mickey. She is very flirtatious whereas Mickey is the shyest we have seen him in the whole play. Linda is stood astride on the stile; she is wearing her extremely short school skirt with her shirt buttons undone at the top. This outfit alone makes her look a lot older than she is (14) not because the actress is older but because her body language too is very different to hers as a child. When she talks to Mickey she tends to move forward from the waist as she speaks, revealing the space between her bra and her shirt. She intends to flaunt this to Mickey and his reactions are the total opposite of Lindas body language. He looks away and has his body on an angle to hers. He is embarrassed at the position she puts him in. Linda lets her hair down; she thinks that this will make her appear sexier. She is very impulsive here and doesnt seem to get embarrassed at all. She is much more sexually aware than Mickey and she thinks hes playing hard to get but really, he just thinks shes weird. Mickeys eye contact is very flickery and he doesnt actually look her in the eye very often. Her eye contact is very intimidating, her whole body level is a lot higher than him (because she is stood on the stile) and therefore she is looking down on him, making him feel small, her eye contact is fixed though in his eyes. She speaks in a slow provocative voice. When she deliberately gets stuck on the stile Mickey feels unsure what to do about this. She asks him for his help, she even says this sexily her knowing that he will feel uncomfortable about being so close to a girl wearing such a short skirt. He walks over and helps her and she presses her body close to him. Her eyes are still intensely looking upon him, he is aware that she is trying to flirt with hi but he is unsure how to react to it. He doesnt smile at all through this scene he tends to keep a straight face throughout but, making it obvious that something else is going on in his troubled mind. Linda and Mickey are almost at the end of the play, during the scene where Linda is trying to stop Mickey from taking his pills: In this scene both actors portray their complete change in characters well. Mickey has lost all pride in him self, he can barely look at Linda. They argue, this is a complete shock to the audience because you have seen them grown up from the age of 7 and yet you have never seen them argue. They have always stuck by each other. Linda is still behind Mickey but he is not the same anymore. Since Mickey got out of prison he had to take anti-depressants. Mickey has lost a lot of things, as a child he lost his dad. That is not something which has been an issue in the rest of the play. AS a child he lost his twin, he does not know about this but it makes the audience feel for him as all his life he has lost thinks. He lost his job, this made him become very cynical about life and be annoyed with Eddie his blood brother, this was the start where everything went wring. He had been made to grow up too fast, he had needed to, and he was annoyed with envy that Eddie was having such a good life. This showed tragic irony because; if his mother had have given him away he would have been in Eddies position not leading the terrible life he was now. His brother Sammy was his idol; right from the very beginning he looked up to him and loved him. He thought that Sammy was perfect from the beginning, but gradually, especially in the teenage section, he realised that Sammy was street- cred but was not who he wanted to be. Recently Mickey had been put under emotional blackmail from his brother; he didnt want to grass his brother in to the police because his brother got himself into trouble trying to help him. He had that dilemma on his mind. The weights of these problems and losses on his mind were conveyed amazingly in the pills scene. Mickey was pale; he looked several years older than he actually was. He was stooped over at the shoulders and wore brown baggy jumpers, trying to hide him. He lacked confidence because of his poor stance. Before he would stand tall and from the age of 17+ he was very open to Linda in a sexual way. Now they were so different he barely looked at her because he knew that he had given up on his life and felt ashamed that he had. When Linda was shouting at Mickey the tension felt was so intense because their body language was so private to themselves. This scene was the most emotional moment in the play for me because everything had gone wrong. You could see the frustration in Lindas face, she was frowning as she was shouting, she loved him and she had to watch her husband making a mess of his life because of the drugs. The voice skills the actor used here were brilliant; he talked in a monotone voice rather than Mickeys usual exciting voice. He also twitched which Mickey never did before; this showed what the drugs had done to him. All of the facial expressions and vocal skills were very subtle yet effective. The relationships between Linda and Mickey changed throughout the play; at the beginning they were extremely relaxed, fun, carefree, and full of life. AS teenagers they came to have more issues on their mind e. g. school life, one another, but they still kept the fun, and liveliness theyd had as a child. As young adults they had been forced to grow up as quickly as they did because they had to get married because Linda was pregnant. Because they had been forced to grow up like they did, they were face with more problems. Mickeys facial expressions throughout the play were the key to the audience believing whatever age he was, as a child they were much more impulsive and cheeky, as an a teenager he often looked embarrassed, and as an adult he looked extremely miserable, and stress ridden. Mickey and Linda both played their ages perfectly throughout the play and this were showed through their detailed voice skills, movement, facial expressions, and characteristics which ran through each scene. Willy Russell wrote this musical in a very witty and intelligent way. I noticed that in the beginning of the play there was a lot of humour, especially in the scenes between Linda Eddie and Mickey. The humour was used in ways which would show Eddies up bringing to be very different to Linda and Mickeys.